Polycarbonate compositions

ABSTRACT

The present invention is concerned with ternary polycarbonate compositions having improved impact strength. The ternary compositions comprise a mixture of thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates which are derived from aromatic dihydroxy compounds, an olefin-acrylate copolymer, and an acrylate copolymer.

The present invention relates to improving both the aged impact strength and the low temperature impact strength of high molecular weight, aromatic polycarbonate resins.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is well known that polycarbonate resins have high impact strength below a critical thickness of between about 1/2 and 1/4 inches. Above this average thickness the impact strength of polycarbonate resins is low. Additionally, the impact strength of polycarbonate resins decreases rapidly as temperatures decrease below about -5° C. and also after aging the polymers at elevated temperatures above about 100° C. These characteristics consequently limit the fields of applications of these resins. Thus, unmodified polycarbonate materials are not practical for use at low or high temperatures when good impact strength is required. Therefore, it is desirable to improve both the impact strength of polycarbonate resins at low and high temperatures and their aged impact strength to thereby expand the fields of application of such resins.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has now been discovered that ternary compositions, which comprise a high molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonate, an acrylate copolymer and an olefin-acrylate copolymer, exhibit not only improved aged impact strength, but certain formulations thereof also exhibit improved impact strength at both low and high temperatures when compared to unmodified polycarbonate resins. These novel compositions also exhibit good weld-line strength.

High molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates in the sense of the present invention are to be understood as homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates and mixtures thereof which have average molecular weights of about 8,000 to more than 200,000, preferably of about 20,000 to 80,000 and an I.V. of 0.40 to 1.0 dl/g as measured in methylene chloride at 25° C. These polycarbonates are derived from dihydric phenols such as, for example, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane, 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane, 2,2-(3,5,3',5'-tetrachloro-4,4'-dihydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-(3,5,3',5'-tetrabromo-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)propane, and (3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)methane. Other dihydric phenols which are also suitable for use in the preparation of the above polycarbonates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,999,835, 3,028,365, 3,334,154, and 4,131,575.

These aromatic polycarbonates can be manufactured by known processes, such as, for example, by reacting a dihydric phenol with a carbonate precursor such as phosgene in accordance with methods set forth in the above-cited literature and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,018,750 and 4,123,436, or by transesterification processes such as are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,153,008, as well as other processes known to those skilled in the art.

The aromatic polycarbonates utilized in the present invention also include the polymeric derivates of a dihydric phenol, a dicarboxylic acid, and carbonic acid, such as are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,169,131.

It is also possible to employ two or more different dihydric phenols or a copolymer of a dihydric phenol with a glycol or with hydroxy or acid terminated polyester, or with a dibasic acid in the event a carbonate copolymer or interpolymer rather than a homopolymer is desired for use in the preparation of the aromatic polycarbonate utilized in the practice of this invention. Also employed in the practice of this invention can be blends of any of the above materials to provide the aromatic polycarbonate.

Branched polycarbonates, such as are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,001,184, can also be utilized in the practice of this invention, as can blends of a linear polycarbonate and a branched polycarbonate.

The "acrylate" copolymer utilized in the present invention is a copolymer of a C₁ -C₅ methacrylate and a C₁ -C₅ acrylate, wherein the term "C₁ -C₅ " represents both saturated and unsaturated, straight or branched chained aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Preferred acrylates for use in the copolymer are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and 1,3-butylene diacrylate. Preferred methacrylates for use in this copolymer include methyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate, butyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate.

The acrylate portion of the copolymer, based on the total weight of the copolymer can range from about 50 to about 85 weight percent. The methacrylate portion of the copolymer can range from about 15 to about 50 weight percent.

The preferred acrylate copolymer for use in this invention is a copolymer of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate in which the weight ratio of the n-butyl acrylate fraction to the methyl methacrylate fraction in the copolymer is about 3 to 2.

Suitable acrylate copolymers, as defined above, can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art or can be obtained commercially. For example, Rohm and Haas' Acryloid® KM 330 copolymer, which is a copolymer of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, is suitable for use in the present invention.

The "olefin-acrylate" copolymer utilized in the present invention is a copolymer of a C₂ -C₅ olefin and a C₁ -C₅ acrylate. The term "C₁ -C₅ " is as defined above, and the term "C₂ -C₅ " represents a straight or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms. The preferred olefins are ethylene, propylene and isobutylene. Preferred acrylates which are utilized in the olefin-acrylate copolymer are ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 1,3-butylene diacrylate, methyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and isobutyl acrylate.

The acrylate portion of the olefin-acrylate copolymer, based on the total weight of the copolymer, can range from about 10 to about 30 weight percent. The olefin portion of the copolymer can range from about 70 to about 90 weight percent.

The preferred olefin-acrylate copolymer for use in this invention is an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, in which the weight ratio of the ethylene fraction to the ethyl acrylate fraction is about 4.5 to 1.

Suitable olefin-acrylate copolmers, as defined above, can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art or can be obtained commercially. For example, Union Carbide's Bakelite® DPD-6169 ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer is suitable for use in the present invention.

The amount of the olefin-acrylate copolymer present in the ternary composition of the present invention can range from about 0.5 to about 4 parts, by weight, per hundred parts of the aromatic polycarbonate. Preferably, the olefin-acrylate copolymer is present in amounts of from about 1 to about 3 parts, by weight, per hundred parts of the aromatic polycarbonate. The amount of the acrylate copolymer present in the ternary composition can vary from about 2 to about 6 parts, by weight, per hundred parts of the aromatic polycarbonate. Preferably, the acrylate copolymer is present in amounts of from about 3 to about 5 parts, by weight, per hundred parts of the aromatic polycarbonate.

It is also regarded to be among the features of this invention to include in the ternary polycarbonate composition conventional additives for purposes such as reinforcing, coloring or stabilizing the composition in conventional amounts.

The compositions of the invention are prepared by mechanically blending the high molecular weight aromatic polycarbonate with the olefin-acrylate copolymer and the acrylate copolymer by conventional methods.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are set forth to illustrate the invention and are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention. In the examples and comparative studies, all parts and percentages are on a weight basis unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE 1

Ninety-five (95) parts of an aromatic polycarbonate, derived from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and having an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) in the range of from about 0.46 to about 0.49 dl/g as determined in methylene chloride solution at 25° C., was mixed with four (4) parts of a copolymer of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (hereinafter copolymer A), said copolymer having a weight ratio of n-butyl-acrylate to methyl methacrylate of about 3 to 2, and one (1) part of an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (hereinafter referred to as copolymer B), said copolymer having a weight ratio of ethylene to ethyl acrylate of about 4.5 to 1. The ingredients were then blended together by mechanically mixing them in a laboratory tumbler and the resulting mixture was fed to an extruder which was operated at about 265° C. The resulting extrudate was comminuted into pellets. The pellets were injection molded at about 290° C. to 310° C. into test specimens of about 5" by 1/2" by 1/4 " and 5" by 1/2" by 1/8", the latter dimension being the specimen thickness. Izod impact strengths of these specimens are measured according to the notched Izod test, ASTM D256, and are set forth in Table I. The ductile-brittle transition temperature (D/B), which is the highest temperature at which a sample begins to exhibit a brittle mode of failure rather than a ductile mode of failure, was obtained according to the procedures of ASTM D256 and is also listed in Table I. The sample labeled CONTROL was obtained from a polycarbonate resin having an I.V. from about 0.46 to about 0.49 dl/g and was prepared without either copolymer A or copolymer B.

EXAMPLE 2

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated exactly, except that the weight parts of polycarbonate, copolymer A and copolymer B in the test specimen were, respectively, 96, 3 and 1. The results of the notched Izod impact tests and the D/B are listed in Table I.

EXAMPLE 3

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated exactly, except that the weight parts of polycarbonate, copolymer A and copolymer B in the test specimens were, respectively, 96, 2 and 2. The results of the notched Izod impact tests are listed in Table I.

EXAMPLE 4

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated exactly, except that the weight parts of polycarbonate, copolymer A and copolymer B in the test specimens were, respectively, 94, 4 and 2. The results of the notched Izod impact tests are listed in Table I.

                                      TABLE I                                      __________________________________________________________________________             Impact Strength, ft. lb./in.                                                   1/4" Thick                                                                           1/8" Thick                                                                           1/8", Heat Aged at 125° C.                                                          D/B, °C.                                Composition of:                                                                        Not Aged                                                                             Not Aged                                                                             24 hrs.                                                                              48 hrs.                                                                              1/8", Not Aged                                 __________________________________________________________________________     Example 1                                                                              13.6.sup.1                                                                           14.8.sup.1                                                                           14.0.sup.1                                                                           13.4.sup.1                                                                           -23/-29**                                      Example 2                                                                              12.1.sup.1                                                                           14.9.sup.1                                                                           13.3.sup.1                                                                           12.6.sup.1                                                                           -18/-20.5**                                    Example 3                                                                              12.4.sup.1                                                                           *     13.4.sup.1                                                                           12.5.sup.1                                                                           *                                              Example 4                                                                              *     14.1.sup.1                                                                           12.7.sup.1                                                                           *     *                                              CONTROL  1.6.sup.2                                                                           14.8.sup.1                                                                            1.3.sup.2                                                                           *     >-5                                            __________________________________________________________________________      .sup.1 Samples failed with 100% ductility.                                     .sup.2 Samples failed with 0% ductility.                                       * Test not made.                                                                **Change from ductile mode of failure to brittle mode of failure noted        over indicated range.                                                    

EXAMPLE 5

The procedure of Example 1 was followed exactly, and the resulting composition, which contained 95 weight parts polycarbonate, 4 weight parts copolymer A, and 1 weight part copolymer B, was tested, using the notched Izod test, for subzero temperature impact performance of 1/8" thick samples which were each maintained at -18° C., -29° C. and -34° C. for 45 minutes.

The results of these tests, as expressed in ft. lb./in., are set forth in Table II. The results of these tests illustrate the excellent low temperature impact strength of the invention's ternary composition.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that copolymer B was not added to the mixture. The resulting composition, which contained 96 weight parts polycarbonate and 4 weight parts copolymer A, and tested for subzero temperature impact performance of a 1/8" thick sample at -18° C. and -29° C. The result of these tests are set forth in Table II.

                  TABLE II                                                         ______________________________________                                                       Impact Strength, ft. lb./in.                                                  1/8" Thick at                                                     Composition of:                                                                               -18° C.                                                                           -29° C.                                                                           -34° C.                              ______________________________________                                         Example 6      9.9       5.7       5.3                                         Comparative Example 1                                                                         4.0       2.6       *                                           ______________________________________                                          * Test not made.                                                         

The invention's ternary compositions also exhibited good weldline strength as shown in double gate Izod impact tests which were conducted to procedures as specified in ASTM D256. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A ternary polycarbonate composition comprising in admixture, a high molecular weight aromatic polycarbonate which is based on a dihydric phenol, from about 2 to about 6 parts by weight per hundred parts of said aromatic polycarbonate of copolymer A, which is a copolymer of a C₁ -C₅ acrylate and a C₁ -C₅ methacrylate, and from about 0.5 to about 4 parts by weight per hundred parts of said aromatic polycarbonate of copolymer B, which is a copolymer of a C₂ -C₅ olefin and a C₁ -C₅ acrylate, the weight ratio of acrylate:methacrylate in copolymer A being in the range of about 50-85:15-50 and the weight ratio of olefin:acrylate in copolymer B being in the range of about 70-90:10-30.
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein copolymer A is present in an amount of from about 3 to about 5 parts by weight per hundred parts of aromatic polycarbonate.
 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein copolymer B is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 3 parts by weight per hundred parts of aromatic polycarbonate.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein, in copolymer B, the olefin is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene and isobutylene and the acrylate is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 1,3-butylene diacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and methyl acrylate and, in copolymer A, the methacrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, 1,3 butylene dimethacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate and the acrylate is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and 1,3-butylene diacrylate.
 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the aromatic polycarbonate is derived from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane.
 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein, in copolymer B, the olefin is ethylene and the acrylate is ethyl acrylate and, in copolymer A, the methacrylate is methyl methacrylate and the acrylate is n-butyl acrylate.
 7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the weight ratio of ethylene to ethyl acrylate in copolymer A ranges from about 4/1 to about 6/1 and, in copolymer B, the weight ratio of methyl methacrylate to n-butyl acrylate ranges from about 1/2 to about 2/1.
 8. A ternary polycarbonate composition comprising in admixture a high molecular weight aromatic polycarbonate which is derived from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and from about 1 to about 3 parts by weight per hundred parts of said aromatic polycarbonate, of a copolymer of ethylene and ethyl acrylate, wherein the weight ratio of ethylene to ethyl acrylate is about 4.5/1 and from about 3 to about 5 parts by weight per hundred parts of said aromatic polycarbonate, of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate, wherein the weight ratio of n-butylacrylate to methyl methacrylate is about 3/2. 